García Márquez Essays

Garcà ­a Mrquez Essays Garcà ­a Mrquez Essay Garcà ­a Mrquez Essay Essay Topic: Chronicle Of a Death foretold Born in 1927, Marquez spent his earlier childhood with his grandparents in Aracataca village in North Columbia. Both of his grandparents very much influenced his upbringing. The major influence of his thoughts that later reflected in his writings and stories initiated here by his grandmother, a storyteller. He learnt from her, that storytelling and word of mouth, as opposed to written memory, is the place where weaving of the social fabric takes place. (King-193). This notion, later, became the most alluring feature of his writings. He was very motivated by the way â€Å"she treated extraordinary as something perfectly natural.†(reference 3) The underlying source of Garcia Mdrquezs literary inspiration was his grandmother, who lived in her own world of superstition and magic. It was from her captivating style of storytelling that he became fascinated and preoccupied with his interpretation of Magical Realism At the age of eight, his parents took him with them and later after attending school for some time, he was sent to Bogota on scholarship for his studies by the government. His writing career started in Bogota when he wrote his first novella Leaf Storm, published in 1955. Although he never completed his education, Columbia University awarded him honorary doctorate degree in writing. Gabriel Garcia Marquez started his early writing career through journalism while studying at the National University of Colombia. In 1948 and 1949, he wrote for El Universal. Then, from 1950-1952, he wrote whimsical columns in El Heraldo in Barranquilla. In December 1957, Garcà ­a Mrquez accepted a position in Caracas in the magazine Momento. During his time in Paris and Mexico, he wrote No One Writes to the Colonel and One Hundred Years of Solitude. Marquez focused on marvelous, so he was often misunderstood in his writings by the critics as fantasy was not so common at that time. Marquez treats the question of a rigid separation between realism and magic, which he insists does not exist. Since what is ordinary to some seems marvelous to others, fantasy should not be emphasized as a special entity; it is part of a much broader concern. He was more concerned in bringing a change in society and rules (Rave 38). Garcia Marquez’s entrancing style of interpretation of magical realism, inspired by his grandmother, was always in relation to reality. His magical-realistic approach, which provides a very appealing dimension of myth and imagination to his writings, despite his insistence that every single line†¦ in all of my books†¦ has a starting point in reality† ( Minta 2.) Marquez’s novels are a reflection of events, giving them a realistic touch. Leaf Storm, his first, relates back in time to a funeral; One Hundred Years of Solitude reflects on its own production; The Autumn of the Patriarch begins with the death of a dictator-protagonist; Chronicle of a Death Foretold, whose title indicates certainty of death. His second novel, Love in the Times of Cholera written in 1985, does not fit in the pattern of the above writings. It concerns various aspects of memory. (King 193) His novels also contains flash-backs of events. Being a Columbian, the settings of most of his novels are small villages of Columbia. The magical setting of Macondo is the most notable among his works. In 1982 he became only the fourth Latin American writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. In his acceptance speech in Stockholm he remarked that the role of the Latin American writer is to continue to assert, in spite of despair, that human beings are capable of creating a different kind of futurewhere love will prove true and happiness be possible, and where races condemned . . . will have a second opportunity on earth. (Minta 64) :

buy custom Global Intellectual Property Law essay

buy custom Global Intellectual Property Law essay 1. Discuss the impact of Global Intellectual Property Law upon the Telecom industry and upon businesses Global intellectual property law can be described as a patchwork area where several national laws related to property ownership are harmonized. On international levels, this law applies on property trademarks, intellectual copyrights as well as patents for discoveries and innovations (Graham Suthersanen, 2009). The trademarks are meant to distinguish various products and services in the market. Copyrights are awards to researchers and authors, to protect their work and give them an exclusive ownership of their work. Patents are given to individuals coming up with new inventions and improvements on existing innovations (Graham Suthersanen, 2009). There are several impacts of Global Intellectual Property Law upon Telecom Industry and other businesses. Telecommunication has been affected in away that, there has been an increased rate of copying of documents and other programs on the internet illegally. Since telecommunication via internet has enabled the whole world to develop links; some individuals have taken advantage of this opportunity to engage in illegal acquisition of property and information (Gokhale, 2004). There is a big problem that has been created due to the global intellectual property laws, following the advancments that have necessitated sharing of information across the globe. For instance, internet users in the United States may be tempted to outsource certain information from other sites in foreign countries, which might have been illegal, if such sites were located on the US soil. By doing so, the users are actually violating the Intellectual Property Law on copyrights in the US. In this aspect, it is very clear that the Global Intellectual Property Law has affected the telecommunication in a negative way (Gokhale, 2004). It has become very difficult for the telecom industry to lay out strategies to avoid copying of information on the internet and violation of these laws. In the process, the telecom industry has found itself bearing blames, from different parts of the globe, as the main factor behind violation of the Global Intellectual Property Laws (Schechter, 2005). The other impact of the law on Telecom Industry is in terms of costs. The law has imposed various costs and expenses to the industry in terms of upgrading their systems to meet the law requirements, and at the same time handle various accusations and claims from individuals, for violation of their intellectual property rights (Schechter, 2005). Many people have pointed their fingers to the Telecom Industry for failing to give maximum protection of their information on the internet. This has been a drawback to the Telecom Industry itself. ; To other businesses, the Global Intellectual Property Law has led to delivery of quality products to the markets. For instance, the issue of counterfeits and generic products has been minimized thus enhancing availability of original products. For individuals engaging in research, innovations and other writings, the law has assured them of security of their work and this has given them a chance to earn and enjoy the outcomes of their duty (Hahn, 2006). 2. Does it have a positive impact or none at all? The Global Intellectual Property Law has also had a positive impact to the Telecom Industry, since it has enhanced their service delivery. Establishment of the Global Intellectual Property Law was a great call to the Telecom Industry to pull up its socks and secure peoples property, especially those using the internet. These laws have improved the security and ownership rights for certain information on the internet (Schechter, 2005). Examples of such improvements are passwords on websites, email addresses, research publications, books, journals and other intellectual properties on the internet. Some of the owners of this information on the internet may require some subscription fee before accessing their information. This is actually a positive impact on the business carrying out their operations online (Hahn, 2006). Therefore, the wake up call (laws) was actually a benefit to the telecom industry at long last. Buy custom Global Intellectual Property Law essay

Gun contol ( i am for it) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gun contol ( i am for it) - Research Paper Example For instance, in New York, one must have a permit in order to buy short guns, rifles and hand guns. Other states such as Montana and Maine do allow people to have possession of handguns, rifles, and short guns having no license and permits. As for the case of Washington D.C, there is a background check for all guns sold even by private individuals. Not all the states allow gun sales without strict regulations. In some states, no one below the age of twenty-one can own a gun. In Morton Grove, a small village in Illinois does not allow the possession of handguns by its inhabitants. The federal laws enacted can be weaker that the state and municipality laws enacted on the regulation of gun use and its possession by the citizens. When there is a case where a given state or municipality has weak or no regulation, then the federal law is enacted to create order. The set laws burn the sale of firearms to children, criminals and the people who do not have a clear sanity with mental illness. This helps in ensuring that the guns in supply are under control. There is need to control the supply of guns in the market as they are prone to misuse. Attorney General John Ashcroft in a letter to the NRA in 2001, agreed with arguments of gun rights proponents saying that the second amendment allows individuals to have the right to bear arms, this could pose a risk since not all the guns issued be monitored and their use proved to be of right purpose. A poll conducted by ABC gave an explanation that the Americans are in support of gun control laws though they doubt the measures put in place. It showed that 63% of Americans vote for a stricter gun control policy put in place. This study showed that the opinion of a greater percentage of citizens know the risk of living in a society with rampant spread of firearms. This may threaten the safety of the citizen in cases of in security. Scholars have argued out that the question of gun ownership should be personal.

Police excessive force and the qualified immunity defense Essay

Police excessive force and the qualified immunity defense - Essay Example A Qualified Immunity defense is defined under 42 U.S.C. 1983 provides, "in pertinent part, that '[e]very person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State , subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured" (CFIF, 2002). In many cases, the stopping of a person while in a vehicle or on the street has proven that many times there is no fourth amendment violation as the police may make a traffic stop or stop a pedestrian based on probable cause in the event of information received therein. In the case of United States v. Escalante, 239 F.3d 678 (5th Cir. 2001) "the court said, that although the traffic stop, even if pretextual, does not violate the Fourth Amendment if any officer making the stop has probable cause to believe that a traffic violation has occurred." (Legal Enforcement Legal Review, 2001). By having these traffic stops in the first place is a contentious issue based on the fact perhaps not all traffic stops are based on probable cause, but, rather on racial profiling. The searches of vehicles after the fact should be ruled constitutionally invalid and judgement in favor of the plaintiff. But, many officers use the qualified immunity defense to protect their interests and their integrity b y abstaining from legal subjectivity in pending litigation. The purpose of many officials using the Qualified Immunity defense is fully justified in cases where police stop an average, law-abiding citizen based on their racial profile or for what the police identify as probable cause. When the police use excessive force in further detaining an individual that is not under suspicion of any activity, this is clearly a violation of their Fourth Amendment rights. Once a court case is filed, the officer will then decry qualified immunity based on their assessment that force was needed due to suspected violation of their Constitutional rights. The purpose of this paper is to discuss cases relative to the claims of Qualified Immunity defense and if similar cases of excessive police force justify how the issue pertains to current criminal justice events and why the issue is important to consider. Discussion will also take form of the present status of this issue before the courts and/or other law-making bodies, a presentation of both sides of the issue presenting a pro/con or for/against discussion, an analysis of the issues and a proposal to bring forth this issue and recommendations for implementation. Present Case Status of this Issue before the Courts Since the September 11th attacks, there have been more prevalent instances of police and law enforcement

Atticus Finch - To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Example for Free

Atticus Finch To Kill a Mockingbird Essay Throughout chapters 1-17 in To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus Finch is shown as a very courageous and non-judgemental person. At times in the book he is also a very caring father but he can be strict at times. His name, Atticus is also a very polite man and always shows courtesy to the people he meets. Many people that live in Maycomb know Atticus is a gentleman and is very polite. He also has a conscience when he says that if he didn’t defend a Negro then he would be ashamed and wouldn’t be able to hold his head up in town. Harper Lee portrayed Atticus as a very courageous man. Atticus is courageous because he takes up a case no one else dares to take, the Tom Robinson case. He was willing to risk his honour and dignity to help the poorly accused black man. Although he gets a lot of abuse from various people, for example Mrs Dubose when she says, â€Å"Atticus is a nigger-lover†, he still doesn’t step down from the case and ignores people. He even put his Children in the way when Scout nearly gets in to a fight against Cecil Jacobs when Cecil Jacobs says that â€Å"Scout Finch’s daddy defends niggers†. Scout even takes abuse from her own family when her cousin, Francis, says that Atticus is a â€Å"nigger-lover† which really puts Scout on edge and she starts a fight with Francis. Atticus is also a very non-judgemental person and will always look at things from both sides of the story. In chapter 3 Atticus says, â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†. Here, Atticus is saying that you can’t judge something until you see things from their point of view, until you see what they’re experiencing. Atticus is a very caring father but a strict one too. He is very caring when Scout comes home from her first day in school and complains that Miss Caroline (the teacher) doesn’t want Atticus and Scout reading together any more. Atticus decides to make a deal with Scout, â€Å"If you’ll concede the necessity of going to school, we’ll go on reading every night just as we always have†. This shows that he cares about Scout concerns and decides to make a deal to make her happy. Although caring he is also a strict father and when Jem loses her cool and destroys Mrs Dubose’s flowers he makes Jem go back and apologies. To do something like this to a sick lady is inexcusable. I strongly advise you to go down and have a talk with Mrs Dubose†. As well as a good father he is also a very polite and well-mannered man. For example, in the court trial with Mayella, Atticus wouldn’t call her Mayella but Miss Mayella but Mayella took it like Atticus was mocking her. Judge Taylor had to calm her down by saying, â€Å"Mr Finch is always courteous to everybody†. This is saying that Atticus is always polite and courteous to everyone he meets. He is also very polite to Mrs Dubose even though Mrs Dubose shout insults to him every time he walks by. Atticus would sweep off his hat, wave gallantly to her and say, ‘Good evening, Mrs Dubose! You look like a picture this evening. ’† This shows that even though Mrs Dubose is horrid to him, he still says hello and is polite to her. Atticus is also very aware of his own reputation and tries to be morally good as much as he can be. He does this by helping Tom Robinson in a case they would probably lose. Scout asks him why he is defending Tom Robinson and Atticus replies, â€Å"The main one is that if I didnt, I couldnt hold my head up in town†. This shows he has morals that he follows so that he can have respect not for others but himself as well. Throughout chapters 1-17 Atticus is shown as a courageous person. As well as being courageous he is non-judgemental especially when he says, â€Å"You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view until you climb into his skin and walk around in it†. Atticus is also portrayed as a caring father when Scout is having trouble at school; Atticus is there to support her. Harper Lee has overall made Atticus a very polite, wise and respected man in To Kill A Mockingbird.

Jacksonian Era Bound By Morality Essay -- Religion

Religion is the substance that produced social morality which bound all elements of society in the Jacksonian Era. Religion produced the moral code all men adhered to. Church leaders were so vocal in pastoring patriotism and loyalty to one's God and country. Church members received the message of liberation and promoted the common man to seek social and political equality. The concept of divine morality in the early-19th century held accountable the behavior of all who were at least partially active in their social environment. Religious services bridged the elite with under-classmen as well as the government with the common man. Quite often divine will was debated on the issues of slavery, social reform, abolishment, and the roles in which men and women were to play. The fact that these issues were debated illuminated the dark-gray areas in which morality first penetrated. Through the veins of morality come a fairness doctrine that is all too consuming when applied to one's self. No one wanted to be cheated out of their freedom and access to it. Social morality was the driving force of cooperation and debate during the Jacksonian Era. Old Hickory himself, President Andrew Jackson, knew the importance of having the common man behind him in a democracy; even if in reality he was not behind the common man. Jackson, who sought divine intervention, used the loyalties of believers to push through his agenda against the banks. The banks became â€Å"the evil giant† (the Goliath) that sought to destroy this new country along with its citizens. Jackson used his knowledge of religion to gain support and public opinion as he convinced them that his motives were righteous. In Harry L. Watson’s book, Liberty and Power, he wrote; Jackson's me... ...od and that they were upholders of the law through their moral convictions. Many churches were the center of their community in the early-1800s. The church was a place to bind closer relationships with others in the community to include businesses and other social venues. Many public figures had this one thing in common, that is their will of self-perception be defined in the public view as one with character and high moral convictions. Religion produced social morality which became the substance that bound all elements of society in the Jacksonian Era. Works Cited Earle, Johnathan H. Jacksonian Antislavery and the Politics of Free Soil 1824-1854. The University of North Carolina Press, 2004. Johnson, Paul E. A Shopkeeper's Millennium. New York: Hill and Wang, 1978. Larkin, Jack. The Reshaping of Everyday Life 1790-1840. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.

Michael Smyth vs. Pillsbury Company. Essay

STYLE: Michael Smyth vs. Pillsbury Company. COURT: United States District Court of Pennsylvania. CITATION: 914 F. Supp. 97; 1996 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 776; 131 Lab. Cas. (CCH) P58, 104; 11 I.E.R. Cas. (BNA) 585. ISSUE: Can an employer be accused of violating public policy, tortuously invading privacy and subsequently be estopped from firing or discharging an at will employee, if for the purpose of company’s interest, it monitor an employee’s email communications over the company’s email system just to find them contrary to company’s interest? FACTS: Plaintiff, a manager at defendant’s company had work email account with access from home. Plaintiff was assured by defendant that email communication is private and confidential with no messages being intercepted and used employment termination. Plaintiff in reliance to promise to its detriment used work email system to make threatening email comments with supervisor was intercepted and employment was terminated. Court ruled in favor of Defendant as it was not evident if termination threatened or violated a clear mandate of public policy or Plaintiff’s common law right to privacy. HOLDING: An employer cannot be accused for violating public policy, privacy and/or discharging an employee according to restatement definition of tort of intrusion upon seclusion. LAW: Restatement (Second) of Torts  § 652B: Liability only attaches when the â€Å"intrusion is substantial and would be highly offensive to the ‘ordinary. â€Å"Unless an employee identifies a ‘specific’ expression of public policy violated by his discharge, it will not be labelled as wrongful and within the sphere of public policy†. EXPLANATION: The clear mandate of public policy must strike at the heart of a citizen’s social right, duties and responsibilities. Plaintiff was not fired for serving on jury duty, for prior conviction or for reporting violation of federal regulations to NRC. Plaintiff’s alleged unprofessional communication over email system utilized by entire company diminishes expectation of privacy. Plaintiff was not asked to disclose personal information by defendant. JUDGEMENT: The motion of the defendant to dismiss was granted. The complaint was dismissed with prejudice

Ethical Issues and Problems in Business and the Corporate World: Sexual Harassment Essay

Strike, Inc. is a well known company in the field of Information Technology (IT). It has been the main and primary producer of educational software and business operational progress like database filing, computerized payroll system, and hardware designed swipe machine and bar code system. Jeffrey Jacobs, the manager, has been working for the company for almost 25 years. His expertise in system application and development made him the best and the most competent in the managerial position. He is aggressive and hardworking but at times unpredictable and bossy. His personal attachment and close professional interaction with female employees of the company have been noticed by many. One day, Bernadette Ryan, the head of the system developers, went to Jeffrey’s office for product consultation. The meeting went on and Jeffrey’s comment about the new project is its marketability and user-friendly functionality. Bernadette, on the other hand, continued to explain the advantages of the system when Jeffrey stood up and approached the door. She just continued discussing the features of the new system being developed. Without her knowing it Jeffrey suddenly appeared at her back, sort of listening to her discussion. Jeffrey started to make sleek moves; he intentionally put his hands, touched and sort of massaged Bernadette’s shoulders. Bernadette was surprised about the actions of her boss. She stood up and said, â€Å"I’d rather go. † As she was walking her way out of the room, Jeffrey got hold of her arms and said, â€Å"I know you like what I’m doing. Come on, try me! † Bernadette felt that she was being harassed and exclaimed, â€Å"Stop or I’ll scream!  This is sexual harassment! † Jeffrey felt more aggressive and told Bernadette that being the manager, he has the right to be the boss and handle his subordinates his own way. Jeffrey further imposed that if she would not submit herself to his personal aggression, he would tell other employees about the incident. Moreover, he would definitely fire her and tell everyone that it was Bernadette who did the first move of flirting. Bernadette was shocked. She ran out of the door to get out of Jeffrey’s malicious and questionable disposition.

Happy Yuletide!

Happy Yuletide! Happy Yuletide! Happy Yuletide! By Maeve Maddox Today is a day that has been important to human beings from time immemorial. For ancient English speakers, it was Yule. Even now people refer to â€Å"the Yuletide season†and sing about the Yule log. Spelled Geola in Old English, Yule is a very ancient English word. Before the English adopted the Roman calendar along with Christianity, Yule corresponded to the months of December and January. What we call December was Aerra Geola, â€Å"before Yule,† and January was Afterra Geola, â€Å"following Yule.† The festival of Yule fell between. Yule was an ancient Germanic solstice celebration that began on or around December 25. The Yule log was burned on the family hearth. A portion of it was saved, kept in the house all year, and used to light the next year’s Yule log. It was a token of prosperity for the household. The expression â€Å"Yuletide season† is redundant. Yuletide means â€Å"Yule season.† The Old English element tide means â€Å"point or portion of time.† And speaking of time, the â€Å"twelve days of Christmas† as used by merchants seem to be the last twelve shopping days before Christmas. In the church calendar, the twelve days of Christmas are the days between the birth of Jesus on December 25 and the arrival of the Wise Men on January 6. The Anglo-Saxon year Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)On Behalf Of vs. In Behalf OfSupervise vs. Monitor

Indricotherium (Paraceratherium) - Facts and Figures

Indricotherium (Paraceratherium) - Facts and Figures Name: Indricotherium (Greek for Indric beast); pronounced INN-drik-oh-THEE-ree-um; also known as Paraceratherium Habitat: Plains of Asia Historical Epoch: Oligocene (33-23 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and 15-20 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; slender legs; long neck    About Indricotherium (Paraceratherium) Ever since its scattered, oversized remains were discovered in the early 20th century, Indricotherium has occasioned controversy among paleontologists, who have named this giant mammal not once, but three timesIndricotherium, Paraceratherium and Baluchitherium have all been in common usage, with the first two currently battling it out for supremacy. (For the record, Paraceratherium seems to have won the race among paleontologists, but Indricotherium is still preferred by the general publicand may yet wind up being assigned to a separate, but similar, genus.) Whatever you choose to call it, Indricotherium was, hands-down, the largest terrestrial mammal that ever lived, approaching the size of the giant sauropod dinosaurs that preceded it by over a hundred million years. An ancestor of the modern rhinoceros, the 15-to-20-ton Indricotherium had a relatively long neck (though nothing approaching what youd see on a Diplodocus or Brachiosaurus) and surprisingly thin legs with three-toed feet, which years ago used to be portrayed as elephant-like stumps. The fossil evidence is lacking, but this huge herbivore probably possessed a prehensile upper lipnot quite a trunk, but an appendage flexible enough to allow it to grab and tear the tall leaves of trees. To date, fossils of Indricotherium have only been found in the central and eastern parts of Eurasia, but its possible that this gigantic mammal also stomped across the plains of western Europe and (conceivably) other continents as well during the Oligocene epoch. Classified as a hyrocodont mammal, one of its closest relatives was the much smaller (only about 500 pound) Hyracodon, a distant North American anecstor of the modern rhinoceros.

Macroeconomics Theory Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Macroeconomics Theory - Speech or Presentation Example The AS curve will also shift upwards from the left margin to the right one. i. A negative inflation shock in the economy will lead to an escalation of the AS curve from the left to the right side of the graph. However, the AD curve will shift from AD1 to AD2 from the right to the left side. ii. The shifts in the AD curves from the right to the left margins of the graph will influence the new the output to reduce from the right to the left margin from Y1 to Y2 because of the reduced government spending. Therefore, the changes in G1 to G2 downwards in the vertical axis will lead to a reduction in the demand and production factors of the economy. The graph shows that the U.S economy will experience a period of in increased output in its markets because of the positive shifts in demand and supply. The positive inflation shock will lead to increased GDP and GNP following the subsequent increase in the buyers’ income levels and the marginal increase in the country’s total output. The financial crises will influence stagnation in the country’s output. It is evident that the output will be Y1 after a 3% increase in the government’s expenditure hence the prices will increase to cater for the increased level of demand in the absence of supply. b) The federal government should resolve to the use of tax cuts. The other alternative policy to restructure the country’s economy will be the implementation of price regulations that will coerce the producers to increase the output rather than the prices. c) The impact of the federal monetary policy in solving the financial crises at the short run period will lead to a shift in the production from Y1 to Y2, a factor that will influence the need for labor; hence, the employed people will affect the country’s GDP and

Perspectives on Hroup Conflict on the Iraq Conflict Essay

Perspectives on Hroup Conflict on the Iraq Conflict - Essay Example Chandra (2001) postulates that ethnicity is both fluid and it is influenced by external factors within the community. In this context, therefore, Chandra (2001) has criticized how constructivists view the notion of ethnicity and states that ethnicity is more suitable to political approach than any other approach. Achieving peace in Iraq seems to be an impossible element. The major reasons behind this notion lie in the fact that, the number of deaths that have occurred seems to be so high since 2003, and an additional 600,000 persons seem to have lost their homes and are displaced. The intense booming that happened few years back seems to torment most of the Iraq people. From the constructivist point of view the Iraq 2003 conflict, the whole issue can be viewed as social problem constructed within the society. According to Alexander (2009) the identity of the crisis is identity together with factors that drive the identification process, and that they are socially constructed. This pa per is organized from the first part that presents the view of nationalism, along with the notion of constructivist/ instrumentalist, primordial and ethonosymbolic. A closer analysis of how these prospects view the Iraq conflict, and the implications on how to manage these conflicts have also had a great part of this case study. Nationalism is an interdisciplinary factor that needs to be considered using different perspectives. This can be achieved by obtaining historic materials that are very important and understanding how political mechanisms work within different institutions (Brown, 2000). Thus political scientists have to share their ideas on how nationalism works. The theories of nationalist have developed as academic themes since the year 1980s. Political scientists have discussed the theories of nationalism to include; ambivalent strategies that focused on social theories and on the other hand, they focused on liberal, Marxist and conservative ideologist. They also state th at the primordial’s and modernist view the nation as an element that organizes the society. Currently instrumentalist have emphasized on shifting and politically contingent nature of ethnicity (Brubaker, 2004). The primordial’s point on the other hand, points out the high degree of correspondence between cultural and genetic makers (Salters, 2003). Ethno-symbolic constructed nature of ethnicity shows that ethnicity is strongly path dependent. They look at cultural bound such as language, race as old ways of demarcating boundaries and they fail to confine these to the modern period. Primordial approach appeals to emotions, personal constraints, so as to give explanations on ethnic issues. The instrumentalist or constructivist view ethnicity as a dependent variable, therefore, ethnicity is developed based on its strategic utility in achieving political gains within a given territory. Perennials view ethnicity as predating modernity. As indicated by Hechter and Okamato (2 001) primordial’s is not present in several literary materials. The primordial’s theory argues that the demand for a nation-state does depend on the societal ethnic self-